# AI Citation Research — Studies by Khadija Zaman

> Index of Khadija Zaman's AI citation research: the cross-engine citation overlap study, its re-test against a permutation null, and the 94-day query fan-out experiment, each with a summary and a link to the full write-up.

Source: https://khadijazaman.com/research/

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# AI citation research

Studies I have run on how AI engines choose what to cite, listed only once they are live, with a short summary and a link to the full write-up. Studies published on the Wellows blog link there.

## What AI citation research has Khadija Zaman published?

Khadija Zaman has published a cross-engine AI citation overlap study on the Wellows blog covering January to June 2026, a re-test of that study against a permutation null that revised two of its headline findings, and a 94-day query fan-out experiment whose results were posted publicly by Wellows' COO. Each study states its data window and source.

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Study · on this site3 Aug 2026 · 9 min

## I Built a Test Designed to Break My Own Study. Two Findings Didn't Survive.

How I rebuilt my cross-engine AI citation study from scratch, ran it against a permutation null, and revised two headline findings that didn't hold up.

Read the re-test →](/research/citation-study-retest/)[

Study · Wellows blogJul 2026 · Jan–Jun 2026 data

## Cross-engine AI citation overlap study

Which sources ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity and Google's AI surfaces cite for the same queries, and how much the engines agree. The original study the re-test on this site examines.

Read on wellows.com →](https://wellows.com/blog/ai-citation-overlap-study/)[

Experiment · posted by Wellows94 days

## The 94-day query fan-out experiment

The experiment behind the Query Fan-Out Generator, posted publicly by Wellows' COO. Search Engine Land later used the tool to demonstrate topic clusters for AI search.

See the post →](/work/#press)

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